Numerical Validation of Experimental Results for Bearing Capacity of Internal Inclined Skirted Footing on C-ะค Soil
Arekal Vijay , Vijayalakshmi Akella and P. R. Bhanu Murthy
The Skirted foundations are adopted to replace pile foundations in offshore structures. The peripheral vertical skirts under conventional footing, confine the soil beneath the footing. The present study aims at the suitability of internal inclined skirts of on bearing capacity of footing on c- soil for onshore condition and validation of experimental ! results by finite element method. The experimentation and the numerical analysis are carried out for different shapes of the footing by varying the skirt depth, skirt thickness and spacing between the internal inclined skirts. Results showed that increase in the depth and thickness of skirts increased the bearing capacity in both square footing and rectangular footing. It is concluded that the reduction in the internal inclined skirt spacing tend to increase the bearing capacity of c- soil when compared to the higher ! spacing of internal inclined skirts.
Comparison of Bituminous Mixture Properties at Various Stages of Construction of Pavement
Japleen Singh , Prabhjot Singh , Tanuj Chopra and Anush K. Chandrappa
Construction of bituminous pavements includes production, transportation, and compaction of bituminous mixtures. The bituminous pavements undergo aging during various stages from production to the end of service life. The initial aging, which happens during production to compaction stage is termed as short term aging and has profound effect on the mixture behaviour. As aged binder becomes stiff relative to virgin binder, it is important to quantify such effects on mixture behaviour. In order to investigate the density, stability and aging in bituminous pavements, mixtures were collected from hot mix plant, at site in front of paver at various distances from hot mix plant, and cores from compacted mixtures at different time periods. Marshall Method was used to compact mixtures in laboratory to determine volumetric and mechanical properties. Further, the bitumen was extracted from representative specimens to determine the rheological properties such as complex shear modulus and viscosity using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The rheological properties were used to quantify differences in binder behaviour subjected to different stages of aging. It was found that bitumen extracted from the field core had better recovery characteristics and highest complex shear modulus than the bitumen extracted from the paver and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) plant mix. The results clearly indicated the variations in the rheological properties of bitumen recovered from different sources during the process of construction.
Bituminous Mixtures; Construction; Aging; Hot Mix Plant
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Research Articles
Analysis of Force Majeure Clauses in Indian Construction Contracts
Construction projects, due to its inherent risks and uncertainties, are prone to disputes. Many researchers have observed that the way the construction contract is drafted and administered has a major impact on the dispute and claim occurrence in a given construction project. There is a need to have a clause–by-clause understanding of a contract so that inconsistencies, if any, can be assessed and suitable mechanisms can be put in place to avoid serious escalation of the conflicts and problems. On these lines, in the paper, the authors have chosen the Force Majeure (hereinafter called as FM clauses) in the construction contracts and analysed them in detail across various standard forms used in India. The choice of FM clauses was in the light of the authors' reading of some of the related court cases, in which it appeared that provisions under FM clauses, stipulated in standard formats and very commonly in construction contracts, to be tricky and confusing. The analysis of the FM clauses gave light to five dimensions that were found important in constructing FM clauses and in each of these dimensions, authors have noted some of the important observations, which in accordance to the authors, may have an impact on appreciating the real meaning and intent of providing the FM clauses in such construction contracts (in the public construction projects of Indian context). To validate, court case analysis was performed. These key learnings from the analysis of court cases were found supportive to the observations made. Though, only 7 cases were analysed in this work, the observations and the recommendations made would be of a good start in a systematic analysis of FM clauses from judicial standpoint, specifically in the Indian construction context.
Force Majeure; Construction; Contract; Court; Cases
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Research Articles
Construction Method Statement - Way to Realise Project Goals
Smitha Yadav
A method statement is a means of realising a project or a task or activity according to a regular plan as well as systematic or orderly arrangement. The method statement therefore helps the constructor in sequencing the work, assessing the time duration, defining technology, resource calculation, environmental and inspection standards as well as determining the risks /dangers associated and establishing the safety standards to manage these risks. However not understanding the scope of work and describing a method statement that is not effective can also be a concern for contractual claims. This work tries to cover case studies associated with such method statements which have led to saving in cost and time and completing the project on time. The role of method statement in reducing this risk involved is also highlighted in this paper.
Construction; Method Statement; PSC Beam; Pre Cast Slab; Deck Slab
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