Implementation of BIM and Lean - An Experimental Study
Tejas Page, Shobha Ramalingam, Kailash Lohar, Ajinkya M. Ghogare , Shubham V. Vaidya and Pranali D. Kale
The Real Estate industry in India has been experiencing huge improvements in its functioning. The credits of these improvements majorly constitute proactive decisions taken by the Indian Government since 2016. Later, the year 2020 gave it a huge blow by putting it to a halt. With residential properties remaining unsold, new projects coming up, it is a challenge to sustain businesses. In this study, a project from Undri, Pune, 'El Regalo' is taken into consideration to implement the principles and techniques of BIM and Lean. The building under observation consisted of 10 storeys, of which only 6 were considered as a part of the study, given that only 6 have been constructed till date. A 3D model of the building under observation was made in Revit and was scheduled in Microsoft Project. Three hypothetical scenarios, have been created viz. Optimistic, Most Likely and Pessimistic scenarios, based on data (time required to complete an activity, reasons and time of resolving delays) obtained through site officials via multiple interpersonal interviews. These scenarios pertain to delays in activities on site, from the beginning of the project. Three scenarios with three different total costs and duration were obtained which helped us in recognizing the major activities on site that contributed the most to the construction cost. To reduce the cost of the project and address the delays involved, the top four (in terms of cost incurred) activities were studied. The tasks involved in the completion of these activities were observed in all slab cycles. The Non - Value Adding activities were further divided into purely non-value adding (MUDA 1) and, although non-value adding but necessary (MUDA 2). The costs that could be eliminated via SOPs and alternative methods of operations were then stated, thus bringing down the cost of construction.
Building Information Modelling (BIM); Lean; Real Estate; MUDA
Download
Research Articles
Evaluating a Dwelling Unit for Quality of Life in A Residential Township
T. S. Sidana and V. K. Paul
Does a house or apartment offered by the Real Estate industry in the upcoming townships meet the expectations of a connected 21st century resident? The concept of Quality of Life (QOL) has been gaining currency over last few decades. It means many things to many people but is generally understood as ease of living, accessibility to services and amenities etc. This paper aims to explore various dimensions of QOL that emanate from the built environment and evolve a methodology to relatively evaluate apartments in residential townships. Classified as design, economic, environmental and social factors, the identifiers include: building envelope, access to goods and services, leisure spaces; proximity to workplace and commercial centres; open spaces, green cover, pollution and noise levels; and factors such as community and cultural mores that affect experiential living.
Quality of Life (QOL); ResidentialTownships, Neighborhood; Built Environment
Download
Research Articles
Challenges in Implementing Green Retrofitting in Pre-Existing Residential Buildings: A Review
Padma Priyadarshini Parija
Climate emergency is a threat to humankind and future development. Construction sector contributes to 39% of worldwide carbon emissions; with 28% coming from energy usage, and 11% from embodied carbon. One can suggest to opt for green building concepts, to tackle this crisis, but it is imperative to acknowledge that green buildings represent the next generation of structures, and the recent growth of sustainable ones are insufficient to offset the negative impact of current structures. Pre-existing buildings pose a threat due to the amount of energy they consume. Additionally, about 80% of greenhouse gas emissions are related to energy. Due to the quantum of resources and money required, tearing down existing infrastructures and establishing new state-ofthe-art facilities with cutting-edge products and technology is not an option. Hence, the logical solution involves green retrofitting (GRF) which shall help improve current facilities' efficiency and environmental impact. There is a pressing need for a comprehensive review of the existing body of knowledge on GRF for future study. This paper views current barriers and policies related to GRF, to corroborate the need to identify CSFs (Critical Success Factors) for proper implementation of the same. A questionnaire was floated across the country to re-imagine the GRF cognition and GRF intention of people, and to know if and how the factors are related. According to the findings, most people place a high value on the cost of green retrofitting, the increase in home value, and the future running costs. It can be inferred from the study that policy level changes and a more adaptive eco-friendly solutions market might boost significant shifts in choices; however, GRF intention and GRF cognition might not be interrelated as expected.
Retrofitting; Green Retrofit; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Energy Consumption; Environment
Download
Research Articles
Analytical Study of Productivity and Efficiency of Economic Gains in Reclamation of Construction Wast
Yash Lohana and Sourabh Patil
Construction Waste Management (CWM) involves the minimization of waste generation and the reclamation of generated waste. The methods and techniques which deal with the reclamation of generated waste are used to convert the waste into reusable or recyclable products. These must be implemented efficiently to ensure that the investment for the same does not outweigh the outcome in monetary terms.This paper deals with the study of waste management and the scope for its implementation in construction projects to reclaim the waste and increase the savings from the same. The scope of this study is limited to the major construction materials and the estimation of the waste that could be reused or recycled for the projects in consideration.To manage the waste efficiently and make the process productive, it is imperative to not only understand the methods to manage the waste but also to understand the scale at which these should be implemented. Also, it is imperative to compute the expected savings from the same.There needs to be a balance and optimization of the scale, the cost, and the outcome for different methods of implementing the processes involving CWM. These parameters are expressed in monetary terms to compute the productivity of the same. The analysis of this productivity gives the range of its usability. It is then used to obtain the savings for the project under consideration. The analysis is conducted on multiple case studies to find a generalized range of expected savings from the implementation of the above-mentioned processes. This helps to encourage the practices of CWM
Construction Waste Management (CWM); Waste Reclamation; Productivity Analysis; Reuse and Recycle; Economic Optimization
Download
Research Articles
A Case Study on Delay Analysis of Mumbai Pune Expressway
Saigayathri P and Jonardan Koner
The Yashwantrao Chavan Expressway, commonly known as The Pune Mumbai Expressway is India's first six-lane high-speed concrete toll road with restrained entry. The highway has cut off travel time from Kalamboli to Kiwale which is in Mumbai and Pune respectively by about two hours. It greatly complemented the NH 48 section of Mumbai-Pune, which was proven to be overcrowded and prone to accidents. This highway is not part of the NHAI NH 48 road network and was fully made, functioned and taken care of by the Maharashtra government through the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation. It extends 94.5 kilometers and connects Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra province and the financial capital of India, and Pune, the cultural and educational hub of Maharashtra. However, increasingly, especially during the storm, traffic on the Mumbai-Pune road is usually not possible with damaged routes that block small curves and 2 highways. The deadline for the project to build a missing link for the Mumbai pune Expressway is now September 2022. Due to the breakdown of the novel coronavirus and the loss of working days due to locking, contractors of the missing Mumbai-Pune Expressway project were given an additional 184 days to complete the work. The expansion of the Mumbai-Pune Expressway is designed to reduce travel time and significantly tighten the narrowest ghat section of the Expressway thus resulting in slower traffic. The public project cost alone is Rs 4,500 crore, while the total project cost is Rs 6,600 crore.
Expressway; Small Curves; Missing Link; Breakdown; Coronavirus
Download
Research Articles
Implementation of Industrial Land Redevelopment Scheme: A Comparative Case Study of Selected Projects in Mumbai
Mumbai textile mill's redevelopment started around 1992 when efforts began to demolish numerous old textile mills that were present in Mumbai to make way for new residential, commercial and mixed purpose buildings as part of Mumbai's wider modernization.Over the time, the government has eased its rules, that once limited, the redevelopment of mill lands, and as a consequence, many builders quickly took possession of these lands. City developers and builders have already executed projects on these existing mill lands. The land is used for high rise residential buildings in most cases and, in some cases, for the commercial, retail and entertainment sectors also. Almost all of the existing structures on these mill lands were completely demolished for redevelopment.This research paper aims to examine various aspects of industrial land redevelopment for a large city like Mumbai. Appropriate literature research on Mumbai's redevelopment plan has been carried out through various research papers and journals. We conducted detailed case studies for each project and identified the risks and challenges associated with these projects including the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis.
Bitumen binders are widely used pavement construction material. They are sourced from distillation process of crude petroleum. It is a natural occurring hydrocarbon material origin found in solid, semi-solid or liquid state and soluble in carbon disulphide and carbon tetrachloride. Bitumen adopted for road and airfield construction is termed as paving grade bitumen, while applied for water proofing applications is termed as industrial grade bitumen. The viscosity of paving grade bitumen is temperature sensitive and hence impacts service performance of bituminous pavements. Modified bitumen improves temperature susceptibility of bituminous pavements by influencing the visco-elastic properties of the binder. This paper presents a review of various modifiers used in bituminous mixes, their impact on properties of bituminous binders and applications of the modified bitumen.
Bitumen; Modified Bitumen; Pavement;Temperature
Download
Research Articles
Review of Sustainable Construction Methodology for Slum Rehabilitation in India
Sudarshan D Kore, R Vishal Kumar , Ajay Kumar Singh , Shradha Menon and B Pavalapriyan
The world is at an accelerated pace of urbanization. India, much like other developing nations has been on this bandwagon where the urban population is set to grow by more than 70%. This will increase the existing population to 814 million by 2050. With the rapid urbanization comes the added pressure of utilization of land for transportation development, construction of healthcare facilities, commercial and residential spaces to accommodate population augmentation. Currently, the growing population, especially the urban poor, residing in several Indian cities face the challenge of housing. There are several schemes in play formulated by the Indian government that help to develop livable spaces for this section of society. The problem, however, lies with the fact that they tend to focus more on improving housing conditions and fail to consider other socio-economic and ecological aspects that are attached to the development of such spaces. The existing conventional construction methods and techniques are neither sustainable nor eco-friendly. There seems to be a massive scarcity in the availability of housing that is affordable and sustainable at the same time. Such spaces remain a distant dream for a large segment of the urban poor. Hence, the need of the hour is to be able to plan and execute slum rehabilitation which would not only enhance the quality of life of the individuals but would also have a significant impact on the environment.This paper attempts to bridge this gap and help to optimize land usage in metropolitan cities and rehabilitate slums by providing sustainable and cost-effective homes. This is done by the means of utilizing sustainable development practices and taking advantage of innovative construction methods and techniques. The usage of waste material as an alternative for the construction are highlighted in this paper along with prototype model was explained.
Urbanization; Sustainable Design; Slum Rehabilitation; Urban Poor; Social Infrastructure
Download
Research Articles
Use of Primavera for Risk Management of a Residential Building Project at Amravati City
Shahnawaz Ajaz Khan and Pravinchandra Gaikwad
The Indian real estate holds immense significance in the Indian economy with the sector being the third largest employer after the agriculture and manufacturing unit. The building construction industry is considered as one of the most important assets of the country, which provide shelter and working space to the common man. In this industry, managing the risk at the right time is essential as it achieves the project objectives in terms of time, cost of construction, quality of construction and also environmental sustainability. In the present work, residential building projects from Amravati city are considered for study of risk management. A Questionnaire survey was carried out in order to collect the data from project managers, site engineers, supervisors, clients and other persons involved in residential construction projects. In this planned duration, actual duration and reasons of delay in construction work were also identified. The objective of this work is to find out the different types of risk on a residential building and categorized the identified risk to low, medium and high risk by using the primavera risk analysis software. Different risks such as time risk, financial risk, construction risk, safety risk and environmental risk are identified. It was also identified that Covid-19 is one of the reason for the increase in cost of construction material. In this study it is found that risk management must be given significant attention in order to ensure successful and timely completion of the project to meets the project scope and objectives.
Asphalt material has been used for road construction and maintenance since the end of nineteenth century and are the most common material for quality road surfaces. The importance of these governed by physical, chemical properties. The bituminous binders used in road construction are characterized by conventional tests as penetration, softening point, and breaking point without characterizing the rheological properties. Rheological properties of bituminous binders in terms of their complex modulus and overall resistance to deformation need to be determined for better understanding of performance of flexible pavements with change in traffic conditions and temperature variations. These are tests however are not easily available in the Indian scenario. Therefore, an attempt has been made developing a correlation between the conventional test parameters such as penetration and softening point and the performance parameters namely G*/sin , the rutting parameter and G*.sin the fatigue parameter. The data was collected from intensive literature review. Regression analysis and Artificial Neural Networks technique have been applied to develop the relation. The model proposed would help in predicting performance parameters based on conventional properties of the binder, where the statical and dynamical properties would be greatly emphasized.
Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Health Safety and Environment (HSE) In the Construction Sector - A Review
J. S. Sudarsan , Sandeep Nayak H and Samay Ajay Kale
India's construction industry is a leading indication of growth, generating significant investment possibilities in a variety of allied industries with the contribution of over 2,593.57 trillion Indian rupees to the national Gross Domestic Product [GDP] in the fourth quarter of 2019, In the early 2020 [22 March 2020] the Government of India nd has enforced a lockdown to curtail the spread of COVID pandemic, limiting the gathering of individuals and social events throughout the country, This hit the construction sector rapidly, decreasing the GDP by about 50%. Being a major sector contributing to the development of the nation, the employees associated with it had to adopt new regulations to work onsite safely. The existing Health Safety and Environment regulations, standards and literature are set pre pandemic and needs though rough review in order to change to the present and post pandemic situation. In this research paper a case study with respect to the impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Health Safety and Environment (HSE) of the Construction Sector at Maharashtra State using Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review [SQRRR] technique is conducted. This technique helped the research in collection of data without being onsite. As a result, the assessment of the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on HSE among the construction workers is done. Based on the study of the impact, suitable suggestions and Safety Operation Protocol (SOP's) to be followed in construction project site to safe guard the workers from the pandemic impact is highlighted. These kinds of studies are mandatory to create awareness among the workers and will enable to improvise the HSE in the project activity of construction sector.
COVID-19; HSE; Construction Workers; Construction Industry; Health and Safety
Download
Research Articles
Sustainability Assessment of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) Infrastructure Projects: An Introspection
Anuja Joy and Shyni Anilkumar
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure intent to ensure a healthy community through the provision of safe drinking water and proper sanitation facilities, which together enhance better hygiene practices. The planning and development of WaSH systems and services must be sustainable to be fully functional for a longer period, with consequent positive impact on the life and environment of the inhabitants. It is equally imperative to set in appropriate measures to ensure their sustainable performance during the full project cycle. Numerous sustainability assessment tools have been developed, intended to evaluate the efficiency and resilience of potential WaSH interventions. The study aims to critically analyse the adaptability of available sustainability assessment tools towards evaluating the performance of WaSH infrastructure through the entire project management cycle. The objectives of the study are 1) to review assessment tools developed by various national and international agencies for WaSH infrastructure projects and 2) to analyse the suitability of these tools to assess the effectiveness of WaSH projects from the project planning to monitoring and evaluation. The study discussed 16 sustainability assessment tools and analysed their strength, potentials and weakness in assessing WaSH project cycle. Components of these tools are further consolidated and categorised under the components of project management cycle. The qualitative analysis of the tools revealed that each tool targets to assess different aspects of project management process in isolation such as funding, planning and policy-making, implementation, monitoring and so on. A tool for assessing the performance of WaSH project holistically by considering the whole set of project activities is lacking in the current context. The study indicated the need to develop a comprehensive tool for assessing the long-term performance of the WaSH facilities considering all stages of project management.
Environmental Impact of Real Estate Development on Urban Fringe Areas: A Case of Tathawade, Maharashtra
Shruti Vaishampayan , Ashwini Naphade and Vini Khatri
Urban fringe areas are outside city limits that display a mix of rural and urban characteristics in terms of development. Fringe areas typically present a high demand for real estate due to proximity to urban centres and potential for growth in terms of social, cultural, infrastructural aspects along with comparatively lower property values than the urban centres. Research shows that construction and development activities in fringe areas have long term impacts on environment owing to lack of proper planning and guidelines. Haphazard development in peri-urban areas leads to serious environmental impacts on land, air, surface and ground water, along with increased load on sanitation and waste management facilities. Agricultural land rapidly gets converted to non-agricultural uses such as residential and industrial, along with road infrastructure affecting air quality, water demand and demand of landfill sites. The present study is an attempt to investigate environmental impacts of real estate development in case of the rapidly developing fringe area of Tathawade in Pimpri Chinchwad, Maharashtra. Select parameters, namely change in land use, sustainability of built environment, solid waste management, and waste water treatment infrastructure were studied and analysed with secondary data substantiated by interviews with local government officers. Based on the analysis, suitable recommendations for sustainable development growth in fringe areas are suggested as an outcome of this study.
Urban Fringe; Real Estate Development; Land Use; Environmental Impacts; Sustainability
Download
Research Articles
Quality Management Practices in Construction Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
One of the prime functions of construction industry is to ensure that construction projects are successfully completed within stated time horizon, offering best quality and completed using minimum utilization of resources. Quality of the projects can be ensured by following Quality Management System (QMS) consisting of quality planning, quality control, and quality assurance. This research paper encompasses a detailed review of literature on construction quality management tools and techniques that facilitates delivery of quality products to the end customer. In order to understand the different tools and techniques used in implementing quality programs in construction projects, a literature review is conducted using general, engineering, and business literature databases. The scope of the literature review, in this study, is confined to the time period 2010-2021. Around 300 research paper published in this time period are studied in the context of Construction Quality Management (CQM) and also gaps in the literature are identified to explore ways for future research. The major techniques used in CQM includes six sigma and lean construction.
Construction Project Management; Construction Quality Management; Lean Construction; Quality Assurance, Quality Management, Six Sigma
Download
Research Articles
Comparative Assessment of Prevalent Cost Estimation Software Applications for Construction Projects – A Review
Debopam Roy and Sagar Malsane
An accurate cost estimate is critical to the success of any construction business. Errors and omissions in cost estimate are major reasons of cost overrun in construction projects. On the other hand conservative estimates with high contingencies can often lead to missed business opportunities. Estimating manually is time-consuming and error prone and hence currently the construction industry is witnessing a steady transition from manual methods of estimating to more digitization and automation in cost estimation. Construction companies can opt for basic 2D CAD and spreadsheet software, or use specific software applications developed for CRIP industry, or decide to integrate their cost estimation system with the BIM model. A number of software products are available in the market to enable this transition, with varying features, functions, extent of automation, and cost. However, adopting these software needs significant investment in terms of license fees, hardware support, and training of personnel. The large number of options available often creates a dilemma for construction companies about which software to invest in. The most frequently used software applications for cost estimation of construction projects have been critically reviewed in this paper, and their features, functions, ease of use, and pricing have been compared. A framework has been developed, to compare the software applications. This framework shall be useful for construction companies, especially in the Small and Medium Enterprise segment to take an informed decision about which cost estimation software would be most suitable for their particular business requirements.
Cost Estimation; Digitization and Automation; Software Applications for Construction; Comparative Assessment; BIM
Download
Research Articles
High Technologies for Techno-Savvy Construction Industry: A Review
Sachin Jain and Sameer Jain
Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the construction industry is facing a crisis and many restrictions are imposed by Government which are required to be followed. Also there is labor shortage as workers have migrated back to their home towns. Construction industry has to consider safety of workers in addition to social distancing. Hence post Covid-19 use of technology can help to solve such issues resulting in improved performance of construction industry. In this paper, authors try to explore various high technologies which can help construction industry to become techno-savvy.
Covid-19; Construction Industry; HighTechnology
Download
Research Articles
Enhancing Construction Safety for Indian Construction – A Review
Priyanka Kale Jyoti Gupta , Jeremiah Malle , Snehlata Yadav and Sagar Malsane
In the Indian context, construction activities are taking place aggressively; however such aggressiveness also makes stakeholders to undermine hazard related dangers. The rising number of injuries and deaths indicate the same and stakeholders have a responsibility to improve the Health & Safety (H&S) record. Due to the rising number of accidents and hazardous nature, stakeholders are on a look out for various solutions to improve the safety record. One of the possible solutions is to make use of Building Information Modell (BIM) as a multi-Dimensional model-based process. In recent years, the awareness and the usage of BIM has surged in the construction industry. However, BIMs utilization has been mainly associated with improvement in visualization, drawing generation, clash detection and project scheduling etc. Moreover, the major uses of BIM applications have been applied to maximizing effectiveness and cost savings by efficient productivity. However, it is not yet evident that whether BIM can also influence and improve the construction safety. This research study focuses on to enhance the H&S management in construction projects through BIM usage. Authors began with literature review to discover BIM implementation in safety management. In relation to safety aspect, various areas were identified which needed to improve based on a questionnaire survey and then in response to that a framework was developed which can help to improve the safety standards keeping in mind all stages from design development to operation and management of a construction project.
Accidents; Construction Health & Safety; Building Information Model; Construction Safety Management; Hazards Identification
Download
Research Articles
Application of IoT at Different Stages of Construction and Adaptability for the Indian Market
The purpose of this paper is to study the application of IoT at different phases of construction i.e., Planning, Execution and Maintenance with its cost analysis and benefits in comparison to traditional methods. India is rapidly progressing and implementing innovative technologies in various industries, yet still in the construction industry modern methods and techniques are yet to be executed in various businesses. This is mainly due to lack of awareness on the beneficial factors and impact these advanced processes are bringing forward. In addition to the above, zero standardization of rates on different techniques makes it a tedious process to make it adaptable to the market. The above issues can be tackled by implementing Internet of Things at various stages of construction, this also helps to bring the best with limited resources. Through this analysis the feasibility of adapting to IOT, even in small scale construction could be driven in a standardised method. Smart culture is being adapted in this entire process and this research finalises to what level the smart culture can be taken into consideration for various economic backgrounds of India and its practices.
Internet of Things (IoT); Smart Culture; Phases of Construction; Innovative Technologies; Feasibility of IoT; Market Adaption
Download
Research Articles
Renewable Energy Generation in India for Future Energy Security
Priyanka Bendigiri and Prakash Rao
Traditional energy sources such as coal, gas, and oil are extremely beneficial to a country's economy. However, their negative effects on the environment have compelled us to use these resources only to a certain extent, consequently requiring to shift our focus to renewable energy resources. The use of renewable energy sources can alleviate social, environmental, and economic issues. These resources are considered environmentally friendly, emitting no or little exhaust and no poisonous gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and others. Renewable energy has already become an alternate source of power generation and will soon become a major source of power generation in the near future. Among all the renewable energy sources, the production of wind energy is considered to have the lowest water consumption, a weakest greenhouse gas emission and the most favourable social impacts. It is considered one of the most durable renewable energy sources, followed by hydroelectricity, photovoltaic, then geothermal energy. Since these resources are regarded as clean energy, they are helpful in mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming. Appropriate choice of renewable energy systems can boost allied industries by achieving local employment, job opportunities, job creation, consumer choice, improved living standards, income and community development. In addition to the significant advantages of these resources, there are also some shortcomings, such as variations in output due to seasonal changes. Output variation is a common phenomenon in solar, wind and hydroelectric power plants. Special designs and considerations are required for proper planning and implementation of renewable energy projects.
Renewable Energy Resources; Social; Environmental; Economical; Hydropower; Photovoltaic; Geothermal
Download
Research Articles
Sustainable Solution for Domestic Waste Water Treatment Using Integrated Constructed Wetland (ICW) Technique
Sudarsan J S Priyanka Kale , Geethika Eragani and Keerthana Sanapala
With rapid economic growth, urbanisation and rising per capita water usage have resulted the huge demand of fresh water in India. According to Central pollution control board, April 2021, total 72,368 (million litres per day) MLD sewage are generated in India. Out of which only 36,668 MLD is being treated. The allowance of untreated sewage effluent in water sources both surface and subsurface lead to sever damage to environment and these are the foremost important water polluting source in developing country like India. Resulted in huge gap in generation of wastewater vs treatment. From Indian Urban centres it is found About 27500 MLD of house-hold waste water is generated against 13,500 MLD industrial wastewater. The capacity of treatment of waste water from urban areas is merely 6,000 MLD against 8,000 MLD of industrial wastewater. Resulting in the huge gap between Wastewater generation and treatment especially in urban centres. The effective solution for waste water treatment is Integrated Constructed wetland. The constructed wetland is natural process of treating wastewater removal of BOD, COD, micro-nutrient. ICW consist of primary layer as non-porous generally clay with aquatic plants, secondary layer as a sand and gravel that act as removal of pollutants, chemical and biochemical transformation. A above surface vegetation zone includes the species of plants as typha and scirpus, several researchers have done the prior research from case studies and conclude Constructed Wetland(CW) is very effective in sustainable way. To ascertain that a trial study was carried out. Several benefits of constructed wetland are carbon sequestration and negligible methane release which indirectly results in good air quality of that region. Furthermore, improved Climate resiliency as it provides water reusability and also helps in reduce heat i-land effects. Integrated constructed wetland provides lifecycle cost saving and helps in flood control. Also, several health benefits for residents and improvement of habitat. Based on several trials it is evident that the treatment efficiency of around 70-80% was achieved with sustainable way. ICW are proved to be very beneficial for rural as well as urban area as water can be reuse in irrigation, gardening, washing vehicles, and other purposes in domestic area. To take up this initiation further urban sector a case study was carried out by analysing the cost comparison with respect to conventional STP and modified STP (STP combined with CW) based on cost comparison analysis it was inferred that modified STP helps in achieving sustainability and also it saves in 20-30% of recurring expenditure cost as this modified STP does not involve any external power source or any external chemicals and it is purely functional based on unit operation concept. Based on research study it is clear that ICW is very effective by cost and energy saving with respect to Organic (domestic) waste water treatment. It helps in achieving the sustainability/Green rating and adopting the 3 stars (waste water management) and also it helps in achieving the concept of 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse).
Prediction Model for Cost Overruns in Infrastructure Project
Sriram Deshmukh and Ajaykumar R. Kambekar
Construction industry is considered as one of the most dynamic and risky industrial sector. Many construction projects do not attain all their desired goals due to the presence of risks and uncertainties intrinsic in the projection of the main duties of the construction project manager is to ensure that the project does not exceed its allotted cost & time frames despite claims. Due to different uncertainties such as Client characteristics, Consultant and design parameters, Contractor attributes, Project characteristics, Contract procedures and procurement methods, External factors and market conditions etc., the actual cost of project is not certainly known for the managers in advance. Therefore, total cost of project may differ significantly because of these uncertainties. Cost overruns are more common in infrastructure projects especially, more common in road and Bridge construction activities. There existed a need to develop a probabilistic cost overrun analysis model in construction projects as a decision support tool for contractors before the bidding stage. The objective of this study is to identify the critical factors affecting cost overrun and obtain statistical models using multiple regression and artificial neural networks. This study will help all stakeholders of Bridge projects in India to understand the factors and thereby reduce time delay and cost overrun as well as expedite their completion.
A Decision Tree Based Model for Predicting the Value of Homes in Boston Using The 'R' Tool
Sameer Jain and Sachin Jain
In the construction industry, analytics has modified the underlying trend of data processing and forecasting. It has the ability to derive actionable insights in the industry from massive amounts of data that are produced on a regular basis. In industry, a large amount of structured and unstructured data is generated, and using this data, we could assist a company in making a game-changing decision. Senior management is eager to take advantage of vast amounts of historical real estate data in order to gain insights into different facets of this burgeoning industry. Land size, distance, location, crime rate, age etc. are all variables to consider. We'll use the Boston Housing dataset, which was compiled by the US Census Service and includes data on housing in Boston, Massachusetts. The dataset contains 506 cases and 13 attributes. The aim of this paper is to develop a decision tree-based model for predicting home values in Boston.
Analytics; R; Real Estate; DecisionTree; Boston
Download
Research Articles
Study on Changing Dynamics of MSMEs in Construction Sector
Rahul Goel and Sarbesh Mishra
MSMEs immensely contributes to country's economic development various ways. Ranging from employment generation to innovation and entrepreneurship, MSME has contributed in every sector and in every industry. It is considered to be a major tool of economic development of the country. MSME plays a major part in construction as a considerable work is generally outsourced to MSME through subcontractors for their specialised services. This has become a norm and is probably the need of the hour. Growth figures of MSME are far from satisfactory in view slow pace of project execution. COVID-19pandemic forced the entire nation into a long lockdown bringing all economic activities to stand still. Construction sector is one f the hardest hit sector and hence the effect was enormous on the MSME in construction sector. This paper attempts to understand the condition and trends of MSME in construction sector, the challenges it is facing, the changes it has gone through. Secondary data from various sources have been used. The study concludes that the construction sector has been badly hit by COVID and has started to improve because of government measures, still a lot of efforts are required to help the sector.
C and D Waste Treatment and Policies in Australia, China, and India: A Comparative Study
Aamani Pidugu, Umang Khandelwal, Riddhi Rathi, Rajat Murjani, Srimukhi Potlapally and Mayur Shirish Jain
Every year, 615 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste is generated around the globe. Illegal dumping is the most economical alternative makes the dumping of construction and demolition debris along streets and rivers is not an uncommon sight. Studies revealed that the recycling rate varies from country to country. For instance, India has the lowest recycling rate, and China recycles 5% of C&D waste. On the other hand, Australia recycles more than 60% of the waste generated due to stringent policies and awareness. In general, treatments are based on enacting policies to reduce carbon emissions and decrease energy requirements. This study provides detailed information on treatment and policies in developing, emerging, and developed nations. The study findings indicate that even after five years of implementation of the C&D waste management rules and spending crores, the condition of the Indian construction industry has not improved. It reflects the need to modify our rules and implement some methods used by developed nations. Based on the literature review and analysis, further recommendations are discussed to improve the C&D waste management in India.
C and D Waste; Policies;Treatment; Challenges; Cost Factor
Download
Research Articles
Critical Causes and Impacts of Construction Projects Delay Empirical Study in Bhubaneswar- India
Abdullah M Tawfek , Abdulrahman Nasr , Abdulmalek Nasser Alhajj and D K Bera
Delay in construction projects is the most recurring issue in construction projects worldwide. It can be defined as either exceeds the date specified in the contract or the date decided by the parties to deliver the project. This study aims to identify the critical causes and impacts of the construction project delay. A questionnaire was designed as the research instrument. The researcher targeted only the critical adequate executive personnel of the construction projects: project manager, consultant engineer, and contractor. The questionnaire is constructed into two parts; the first part targeted the causes of delay, and the second part investigating the effects of delay. Cronbach Alpha was used to measure the reliability of the survey. Then, the Likert scale was employed to get accurate respondent's opinions. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed and analyzed the data obtained from the questionnaire using the Relative Importance Index test (RII), Frequency and Severity Index test (FI and SI), and the Importance Index test (IMP.I) for ranking the causes of delay and their effect on construction projects in Bhubaneswar-India. The results showed that some causes of construction project delay were more effective than others. In addition, it revealed that the causes of delay related to the contractor contributed largely to the construction project delays in (Bhubaneswar, India), where the contractor formed 40% of the top ten causes of delay, followed by the consultant engineer 20%, followed by the owner, materials, project and external factors 10% each. Meanwhile, the top effects of construction project delay were time overrun, cost overrun, and dispute, respectively.
Types of Delay; Causes of Delay; Effects of Delay; Importance Index; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Download
Research Articles
Perception of Indian Construction Industry on Implementation of Goods and Services Tax
Rahul Kamal Mittal, Kolla Ramarjun, Afroz Vakil, Shashank Shekhar and Vandana Bhavsar
Introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) has extensively transformed the tax rates in all the sectors of Indian economy. This was a major fiscal reform after the independence period. Prior to the implementing of GST, a diverse tax structure existed, levied by the centre and states under different tax laws. Overall, for construction sector, implementation of GST appears to be advantageous because of its uniformity and efficiency. However, there are quite a few key issues concerning the influence of GST on construction sector like decentralised GST registration, removal of taxability of work contract services, higher cost of power generation projects, taxability on bonuses, liquidity damages, cancellation charges, late fees etc. This study focuses on the perception of Indian construction companies on enforcement and impact of GST on them. Statistical analysis is used to compute the effect of GST implementation with the help of data collected through the questionnaire survey. Factor analysis is used to decide on major factors which impacted the companies after the implementation of GST. Regression analysis is used to validate the factors which are result of factor analysis. Final reviews and some recommendations related to GST implementation were also discussed in the report.
Tax; Goods and Services Tax (GST); Construction Industry; Factor Analysis; Regression Analysis
Download
Research Articles
Development of A Multi-Year Pavement Prioritization Model for Low Volume Roads
Vishnu R Sruthy Mariam Saju Ashwin Kumar and Abin Jose Abraham
This study aims to develop a multi-year pavement maintenance model for a network of fifteen Low Volume Roads in the state of Telangana, India. With the help of the Priority Ranking Model, the functional condition of the pavements in terms of five of its functional attributes, namely Rutting, Unevenness, Cracking, Potholes and Ravelling is quantified using the Priority Index (PI). Usually, when determining which pavements in a network should be rehabilitated first, it happens to be the pavements in the worst condition, i.e., with the highest Priority Index (PI). However, due to limitations in the budget allotted for maintenance and repair of low volume roads, this is not always economically feasible. If pavements are prioritised such that more pavements can be brought to a good condition index at a lower budget viz, the requirement of a treatment at a low cost, authorities can ensure that these roads will not require a costly and more dramatic treatment at a later point of time. Since it is imperative to evaluate the posttreatment conditions of the pavement, the structural condition of the pavement in terms of its characteristic deflection values are considered. Using deflection prediction models, the performance of the pavement after the treatment applied is determined, which gives its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. By evaluating the same for a period of five years, we get a multi-year pavement treatment schedule with the most optimum time to repair the various pavement sections under consideration. The Network Health Index that has been developed shows the influence of the treated sections on the health of the overall pavement network.
Low Volume Roads; Pavement Prioritization Model; Priority Index (PI); Post Treatment Condition; Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness; Network Health Index (NHI)
Download
Research Articles
A Study of the Relation of the Age of the Home-Buyer to the Type of the House Purchased by Them, in Pune City
Deepak Sundrani
Purpose: To find out if there is any relation between the age of the home-buyers and the type of house (1BHK/ 2 BHK/ 3 BHK) that they buy, in Pune city. Methodology: Conducting a survey of 400 home-buyers who have recently purchased a new flat/ apartment in the out-skirts (beyond 8 kilometres radius from centre of the city but within the Municipal Corporation limits) of Pune city, Findings: There is a relation between the age of the home-buyers and the type of house they buy.Originality: Although there is some research in the various aspects of real estate, yet no researcher has done a study of the relation of the age of home-buyers and the type of the house that they buy. Value: The findings of the study will be useful for Real Estate firms (and the students of the faculty of Management who want to join the Real Estate sector) as they can come to know the particular age group they should target for the type of flats/ apartments that they are constructing in their projects.
Age of Home-Buyer;Type of House; 1 BHK; 2 BHK; 3 BHK
Download
Research Articles
ITC Green Centre: A Case Study of a Green Building in India
The construction industry is one of the quickest growing industries in India. In the last 2 decades construction industry has taken a boom in Residential, Commercial, Industrial developments. But the construction industry adds a large amount to the various reasons for global warming. Global warming is the main issue in today's world and to protect the environment and to solve the problem of global warming there is a need for green construction. Green Building is a building that is energy-efficient, water-efficient, uses local material, generates less waste, and also has a low cost of maintenance as compared to conventional buildings. The use of green construction has reduced the impact of construction activities on the environment, economy, and health of the people. There is a lack of awareness regarding green construction among the people of India as compared to developed nations like the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Now this paper shows the need for green construction in developing nations like India. Also, this paper includes the financial, material, technology, and labor feasibility concerning our case study on one of the most efficient buildings in India which are certified with a platinum certificate by IGBC (Indian Green Building Council). This paper will break some myths regarding green building construction and help to implement green construction with easy, simple, and economic techniques.
Technology; Green Building; Feasibility Study; Construction Industry; Sustainability
Download
Research Articles
Optimisation of River Linking-A Case Study of Linking Ken and Betwa Rivers
Rajesh Kumar Jain , Rajesh Goyal and Dulal Goldar
The Ken-Betwa Link Project Interlinking of River Programme of India is first Priority Project under river Interlinking Project of India. It has been included as National Project and also forms a part of Prime Minister's Bundelkhand package. The KBLP is a multipurpose project with irrigation, hydropower and water supply benefits to the drought prone areas of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.. The various projects in upper Betwa basin are feasible by way of substitution. The work is aimed to conduct critical analysis of project benefits, Irrigated area, quantum of water to be transferred success role of Project and enhancement of benefits water conductor system under both phases. As micro irrigation is one of the key solutions to ensure efficient use of water. It is attempted to review the command area and irrigation methodology and visualize impact of replacing traditional irrigation with micro irrigation in the command area and its impact on Project cost, Project benefits and economic analysis. Similarly, Project success role for quantum of water transfer and water conductor system has been examined and suggestion for better practices attempted. The analysis indicates that in ultimate scenario the Project Benefit-Cost ratio increases from 1.462 to 2.320. Similarly, internal rate of return from 11.59 to 15.71. The analysis with increase in agricultural production from 10% to 36% done and found to enhance Benefit-Cost ratio from 1.462 to 2.54. The replacement of canal with pipeline indicates a reduction of land required by 2492 ha. with cost 855 crore.
Relevance of Branding in Indian Construction Market – A Study with Reference to Small and Medium Scale Construction Firms
Desai Devang , Binny Sachin , Telluri Pavankumar Reddy , Sasidhar Shiva , Pamidikondala Hemanth and Kundrapu Kumar Sai Sandeep
Branding can be defined as the activities and efforts carried out by a company in order to attract customers. Branding plays an important role in every sector and it requires a proper planning & research before formulating the branding strategy. It offers the company unique and distinctive image and ensures better customers' share of mind and recall. By working on various brand elements like logo, symbol, tagline, slogans, characters, trade mark etc., companies can make a good brand value and make an identity for themselves. By focusing on achieving excellence in performance and delivering customer satisfaction and conveying the same to customers through properly designed branding strategies will help the company to grow and strengthen positive brand image of the company in the minds of customers. This brand image, in turn will help in sustaining existing customers and creating new one. The paper aims to understand the relevance of branding in construction market in India with special reference to small and medium scale construction companies. The methodology includes usage of interview schedule and conducting in-depth interviews of professionals working in the marketing department of small and medium scale construction companies. The area chosen for data collection was mainly Kochi and nearby cities in the state of Kerala. Twenty small and medium companies were chosen for the purpose of data collection.The paper aims to find out the extent to which these companies utilize branding as an important strategy and identifying various branding elements used by them as a part of their branding strategy.
Branding; Strategy; Construction Industry; Branding Elements
Research & Publications Department 